Notes from Bill Nye - Earthquake

• Seismic plates can go up and down, side to side.
• Earth's surface is floating on melted rock
• Surface is broken into tectonic plates
• Faults- cracks in tectonic plates
• Energy can be stored in faults, and when the energy is released they cause earthquakes
• Seismometer measures earthquake
• Seismograph - writing down or recording and measuring the earthquake
• Tectonic plates move because of churning magma
• When tectonic plates move apart, volcano is formed. When they come together, mountains are formed.
• Earthquakes can because by faults up and down rubbing up and down, or side to site rubbing
• Epicenter - center origin of earthquakes
• Richter scaler - system for comparing strength of earth quake
• In Richter scale each successive number has 10x the energy of previous number
• Center of the earth is a 2800 kilometer solid core, that's why earthquakes aren't felt all the way through the earth.Notes from second page of Chapter Two Section One (Page 45)
• Tension - Stretching rock
• Compression - Pushing rock together
• Shearing - masses of rock slipping
• Tension, compression, ad shearing work over millions of year to change the shape and volume of rock.
• Some rocks are brittle and snap, some bend slowly.
• Types of forces:
• Tension pulls on the rust and stretches and makes rocks thinner. It happens when two plates are moving apart.
• Compression squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. Often compresses rock.
• Shearing is when stress pushes rock into different directions, while rubbing against each other.